Languages of the 中华 (Zhōnghuá) People's Republic and of Taiwan

Most people in the 中华 (Zhōnghuá)¹ People's Republic and in Taiwan speak Chinese, which they view as a single language, both for cultural-poltical reasons, and because all spoken forms share on written language. Linguists categorize the divers spoken forms into several languages or dialect groups. The most important by far is Putonghua (Mandarin), spoken in much of the north, northeast and center, and in parts of the south center and west. Wu is the form used in 浙江² (Zhèjiāng), Gan in Jiangxi (Kiangsi or Chiang-hsi), Xiang (or Hunanese) in Hunan, Yue in Guandong (Kwangtung or Kuang-tung) and other southern places, and Min³ in Fujian, especially near the coast.

There are many regional non-Chinese minorities, generally outnumbered by the Chinese. In northwestern Sinkiang there are many Kazakhs; in that province's southwest Uighurs predominate, and in Tibet, most speak one of two Tibetan languages: Central Tibetan or Khams--the latter in the province's north-center and east.

Footnotes

1. Zhōnghuá or Chung-hua or Junghwa in transliterated Pŭtōnghuà Chinese. The first character means central and the second means Chinese/ illustrious/ flowery. China is its English name. In the Wu dialect group it transliterates as Tsonkoh. Fujian Province and Taiwan are grouped together. Min Chinese is used by the majority in both.
2. Zhèjiāng or Che-Chiang or Jejyang in transliterated Pŭtōnghuà Chinese. It is also called Chekiang (former postal designation based on the Nanjing dialect). The first character is a phonetic marker coupled with the water radical. In reconstructed Old Chinese it was pronounced like tet, and was a proto-Wu term for the Yue people according to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhejiang, accessed August 10, 2016. The second character means river.
3. Min is sometimes regarded as several languages. It has many names.