A caveat on Kazakhstan languages

It is difficult to acquire reliable current data about mother tongues spoken in Kazakhstan. Even if the government statistics had remained available without charge, they are untrustworthy--strongly biased into minimizing the proportion of ethnic Kazakhs who speak only, or primarily, Russian. And older information cannot account for Russian out-migration, possible internal migration associated with the move of the republic's capital, and the possible trend of bilingual, primarily Russian-speaking, ethnic Kazakhs to not teach Russian to their children--something encouraged by government persecution of Russian-speaking ethnic Kazakhs.