Jubayl

Jubayl is the modern name for an ancient city in لبنان (Lubnān or Liban or Lebanon). It is located on the Mediterranean coast, north of بيروت (Bayrũt), and has 46 thousand residents.¹ The Egyptians called it Kpny,² the Canaanites and others Gublu,³ the Phoenicians Gebal, the Greeks Býblos,⁴ the Romans Byblus⁵ and the Crusaders Gibelet. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site honoring its history from its Neolithic beginnings up through medieval times, and is a popular tourist destination.

External references

ruins at Jubayl (Byblos)

Footnotes

1. world-gazetteer.com, accessed 6/3/2013.
2. The vowels aren't known; Kabny can be used for convenience. This is the name given to it when the local rulers called themselves ḥʒḳty-', a term that meant mayor, and hence subordination to Kemet (Egypt). See James M. Weinstein, 'Byblos' in Donald B. Redford, ed., The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt, Vol. I (Oxford Unversity Press, 2001).
3. See for example the map of the 'Assyrian Empire' in Georges Roux, Ancient Iraq, 3rd ed. (Penguin Books, 1992).
4. Hence the English: Byblos.
5. See the map, 'Roman Syria, Western Parthia and Armenia' in Richard J.A. Talbert, ed., Atlas of Classical History (Routledge, 1985).