Several East Asian cities that had at least 4.0 million residents were not mapped. All of them started with fewer than 2.0 million residents in 1900 and ended between 4.0 and 9.999 million metropolitan residents. They are: Xianggang (coterminous with its own province-level region and officially called Hong Kong in 1900), Taibei (on the island of Taiwan and usually Romanized as Tai-pei in 1900), Chongqing (in a province-level shi and Romanized as Ch'ung-ch'ing or Chungking in 1900), Guangzhou (in Guangdong and Romanized as Kuang-chou or Canton or Kwangchow in 1900), Xi'an (in Shaanxi and Romanized as Hsi-an or Sian in 1900), Ha'erbin (in Heilongjiang and Romanized as Ha-erh-pin or Harbin in 1900), Shantou (in Guangdong and Romanized as Shan-t'ou or Swatow in 1900), Wuhan (in Hubei and whose core of Wuchang was a separate city in 1900 that was then Romanized as Wu-ch'ang), and Chengdu (in Sichuan and Romanized as Ch'engtu or or Chengtu in 1900). (The Xianggang/ Guangdong, Shaanxi, Hubei and Sichuan areas are mapped for other periods, just not this one. Fujian is mapped for other periods but the nearby island of Taiwan was not included with it. The Chongqing Shi and Heilongjiang areas are not mapped for any period.)