There are three cities of great note. First is İstanbul, straddling the Bosporus, an ancient imperial capital and formerly the center of Orthodox Christianity. Second is the Turkish capital of Ankara, sitting by a Gallatian river of the same name, a tributary of the Sakarya River. Third is the port İzmir on the gulf that shares the city name, south of Lydia.
Turkish and Cypriot Cities
Over a million
Selected smaller cities, or former cities of historical note
| Name | Alternate names |
| Antakya | Άντιοχεια (Antiocheia), أنطاقيه (Anṭākiyyah), Antioch, Hatay, Θεόπoλις (Theopolis or City of God), Antiochia |
| Antalya | |
| Bodrum | Halikarnnassós, Halicarnassus |
| Boğazkale | بغزكي (Boġazköy, Boğazköy, Boğazköi), Hattuša, Hattusas, Khattushash, Hattusha |
| Dalaman | |
| Selçuk | Ἔφεσoς (Ephesos), Ephesus, Efes, Άγιος Θεόλόγες (Hagiós Theólógos or Holy Word of God), يصلغ (Ayusuluǧ) |
| Heirápolis | |
| Míλητoς (Milētos) | Miletus, ملت6 (Milet) |
| Πάφος (Pafos) | Paphos |
| Safranbolu | |
| Ἴλιον (Ilion) | Τροία (Troia), Īlium, Trōia, Troy |
| Van | Վան, ون, Tushpa, Տօսպ (Tosp), |
Footnotes
1. world-gazetteer.com, accessed 3/26/2011.
2. Formerly Kωνσταντινoύπoλις (Kōnstantinoupolis) and قسطنطينيه (Konstantiniyye), both anglicized as Constantinople; Byzantium (Latinized form); and ή Nέα δευτέρα ΄Pώμη (ē Nea, deutera Rōmē; the New, second Rome)--applied to the European portion of the currently bi-continental city.
3. Formerly Angora.
4. Formerly Smyrna.
5. Formerly Ayintap or Antep.
6. I am uncertain about the final (leftmost) consonant. It might have been ط.